Raila Odinga, umwe mu banyapolitiki bakomeye cyane muri Kenya, wabaye Minisitiri w’Intebe ndetse akaniyamamariza kuyobora igihugu inshuro eshanu ariko ntatsinde, yapfiriye mu rugendo yari yagiriye mu Buhinde ku wa Gatatu afite imyaka 80.
Ibitaro bya Devamatha biherereye muri leta ya Kerala, mu majyepfo y’u Buhinde, byatangaje ko Bwana Odinga yahapfiriye nyuma yo kugwa ubwo yari ari mu rugendo rw’ikiruhuko mu gitondo.
Bwana Odinga yagize uruhare rukomeye mu guharanira demokarasi ishingiye ku mashyaka menshi muri za 1990, nyuma yo gufungwa kenshi ataburanye. Yabaye umuyobozi mu nzego za Leta no hanze yazo, aho yasimburanyaga imirimo ya minisitiri n’ubuyobozi bw’abatavuga rumwe na Leta mu gihe cy’imyaka myinshi.
Mu gihe ubutumwa bwo kumwunamira bwaturukaga ku banyafurika batandukanye, Perezida wa Kenya William Ruto yatangaje urupfu rwe mu ijambo ryanyuze kuri televiziyo, atangaza iminsi irindwi y’icyunamo ku rwego rw’igihugu ndetse n’indi mirimo y’ikirenga yo kumuherekeza. Yamusobanuye nk’“igihangange muri politiki igezweho ya Kenya, intwari itarashoboye gutsindwa mu rugamba rwo guharanira ubwigenge n’iterambere ryacu.”
“Mu rupfu rwe, twatakaje umunyamahoro w’ikirenga wagaragaje ubutwari budasanzwe,” niko yabivuze, ashimangira ko Bwana Odinga yari umunyafurika w’ukuri “wahaye urugero rwiza rwa politiki ishingiye ku mahame.”
Urupfu rwa Bwana Odinga rusigiye icyuho gikomeye politiki ya Kenya, bitewe n’uruhare rwe nk’umwe mu bahanganye cyane n’ubutegetsi bwagiye busimburana. Mu gihe gito kiri imbere, ibi bishobora gukomeza ububasha bwa Perezida William Ruto, wahoze ari umwanzi we wa politiki, ubu utegerejwe kongera kwiyamamaza mu mwaka wa 2027.
Umupolisi wo muri ako gace yatangaje ko Bwana Odinga yari yatangiye kuvurirwa mu bitaro by’ubuvuzi gakondo bya Ayurvedic iminsi itanu mbere y’uko apfa. Ku wa Gatatu, abaganga bahakoreye igikorwa cyo kumusubiza umutima no kongera guhumeka, mbere yo kumwohereza mu bitaro bya Devamatha, aho yatangajwe ko yapfuye hashize amasaha abiri, nk’uko ibitaro byabisobanuye.
Ibitaro byongeyeho ko Bwana Odinga yari amaranye igihe indwara ya diyabete, umuvuduko w’amaraso uri hejuru, n’indwara y’inkari zidakora neza. Bavuze kandi ko isuzuma ry’imva (post-mortem) riri gukorwa.
“Yari umuntu wagize uruhare rukomeye kurusha abandi bose muri politiki ya Kenya mu myaka 30 ishize,” niko John Githongo, umunyakenya uzwi mu rugamba rwo kurwanya ruswa, wigeze gushyigikira Bwana Odinga mu matora yo mu 2022, yabivuze. “Mu gihe kirekire, Raila yari nk’izingiro ry’imbaraga muri politiki yihariye ya Kenya, ishingiye ku ntambara z’abakomeye.” Yongeyeho ko urupfu rwe rushobora kuzana “impinduka zikomeye n’ibihinduka byinshi bizatungura benshi” muri politiki ya Kenya.
Abantu ibihumbi n’ibihumbi basohotse mu mihanda yo mu mujyi wa Kisumu, uherereye mu burengerazuba bwa Kenya, aho Bwana Odinga yari afite igitinyiro gikomeye muri politiki, ndetse akaba n’aho bakomoka benshi mu bwoko bwe bwa Luo. Bamwe bari bafite amashami y’ibiti nk’ikimenyetso cy’akababaro, abandi bavugiriza amafirimbi cyangwa bakoma amahoni y’imodoka n’amamoto.
“Urupfu rwa Raila ni urupfu rw’intwari,” niko Jacob Otieno Akach, w’imyaka 75 utuye muri uwo mujyi, yabivuze. “Imirimo ye mu guteza imbere igihugu no guharanira demokarasi irigaragaza kandi izakomeza kubaho no nyuma ye.”
Bwana Odinga yakundaga kwitirirwa izina rye rya mbere, “Raila,” ariko mu myaka ye ya nyuma, benshi batangiye kumwita “Baba,” bisobanura se mu rurimi rwa Kiswahili.
Mu itangazo ryasohowe n’ishyaka rye rya Orange Democratic Movement (ODM), bamwise “igihangange nyakuri cy’igihugu.” Itsinda ryayobowe na Senateri Edwin Sifuna, umunyamabanga mukuru w’iryo shyaka, ryahagurutse rigiye mu Buhinde kuzana umurambo wa Bwana Odinga. Avugira ku kibuga cy’indege cya Nairobi, Bwana Sifuna yavuze ko “ari kare cyane” gutekereza uwasimbura Bwana Odinga mu buyobozi bw’ishyaka.
Ubuzima bwa politiki bwa Bwana Odinga bwanyuze mu bihe bitandukanye by’ivugururwa rya Kenya, aho igihugu cyavuye ku butegetsi bwa giseseka no ku ishyaka rimwe rukarenga rukaba kimwe mu bihugu bya Afurika bifite demokarasi igezweho.
Yavukiye mu burengerazuba bwa Kenya, mu muryango ukomeye cyane muri politiki y’igihugu. Se, Jaramogi Oginga Odinga, yari umwe mu bayoboye urugamba rwo guharanira ubwigenge bwa Kenya ku ngoma y’Abongereza, ndetse nyuma yabaye visi perezida wa mbere w’igihugu ku bwa Jomo Kenyatta, washinze Kenya.
Mu ntangiriro z’ubuzima bwe bwa politiki, Bwana Odinga yari azwi nk’umunyapolitiki utajya yihanganira ubutegetsi bukomeye, cyane cyane kubera ko atari yatinya guhangana n’abapolisi no kuyobora imyigaragambyo y’abantu benshi, ndetse n’ukuntu yakundwaga cyane mu bice by’imidugudu ikennye yo muri Nairobi. Yagize uruhare rukomeye mu bikorwa byo gushyigikira itegeko nshinga rishya rya Kenya ryemejwe mu 2010.
Ubufatanye bwa Bwana Odinga bwo kuba Perezida bwamuhesheje kuba igihangange muri politiki y’igihugu. Guhomba inshuro nyinshi mu ntego yo kuba Perezida byateje umujinya ku batavuga rumwe n’ubutegetsi bifuza kuvugurura inzego za demokarasi y’igihugu, mu gihe amatora rimwe na rimwe yakorwaga mu buryo butari bwiza ndetse n’ubwoko bw’abantu bukaba bwagiraga uruhare rukomeye muri politiki y’igihugu.
Ariko izina rye nk’umunyapolitiki w’ubutwari bw’ishyaka ry’abatavuga rumwe n’ubutegetsi ryagabanutse mu myaka ya vuba kubera amasezerano y’ubufatanye n’abari ku butegetsi, cyane cyane amasezerano yagiranye na Perezida Uhuru Kenyatta mu 2018, azwi nka “Handshake” (Gukubita amaboko). Ibi byatumye habaho igihe cyo gukorera hamwe mu bya politiki, bigatuma ishyaka ry’abatavuga rumwe n’ubutegetsi ritagira ingufu nyinshi.
Amasezerano ya “Handshake” ntiyigeze ashyirwa ahagaragara. Ariko abakritike bavugaga ko Bwana Odinga yashyize inyungu ze imbere y’amahame ye.
Mu 2022, Bwana Kenyatta yashyigikiye Bwana Odinga ngo amusimbure. Ariko Bwana Odinga yatsinzwe mu matora ye ya gatanu ya Perezida, mu matora Bwana Ruto yaje gutsinda.
Imitekerereze ya politiki ya Bwana Odinga mu ntangiriro y’ubuzima bwe yatewe n’igihe yamaze mu Burayi bw’Uburasirazuba. Mu myaka ya 1960, yahawe buruse yo kwiga mu Budage bw’Uburasirazuba bwa kigikomunisiti, bwari bufitanye umubano n’ibihugu byinshi bya Afurika binyuze mu burezi. Bwana Odinga yise umuhungu we wa mbere Fidel, nyuma y’umuyobozi wa Cuba, Fidel Castro.
Nyuma y’igerageza ry’iterabwoba ryapanzwe mu 1982 ku bwa Perezida Daniel arap Moi, Bwana Odinga yafungiwe ndetse yarezwe icyaha cyo guhungabanya igihugu. Yatsinzwe mu gihe yari afunze kandi yamaze imyaka itandatu afunzwe ataracibwa urubanza.
Nyuma yo kurekurwa, yafashije kuyobora imyigaragambyo yatumye Kenya isubira ku demokarasi ishingiye ku mashyaka menshi. Igihugu cyanyuze mu nzira nk’izindi za Afurika zirekera kure ubutegetsi bw’ishyaka rimwe nyuma y’ukugwa kwa Berlin Wall.
Ayo niyo matora ya mbere ya multiparty muri Kenya yabaye mu 1992, maze se wa Bwana Odinga yiyamamariza ariko atsindwa.
Bwana Odinga we yagerageje kwiyamamaza bwa mbere kuba Perezida imyaka itanu nyuma, ahita aza ku mwanya wa gatatu, inyuma ya Bwana Moi.
Yaje kubona ububasha bwa politiki ubwo yabaga Minisitiri w’Intebe muri Mata 2008, ku masezerano yafashije kugarura ituze nyuma y’akaga k’ivangura ryabaye nyuma y’amatora ryahitanye abantu barenga 1,000. Bwana Odinga yari umwanya w’ingenzi mu bahanganye n’amatora yo mu 2007, ariko uwari Perezida wari uhari, Mwai Kibaki, yatangajwe nk’uwatsinze mu matora benshi babonaga ko yari yarahungabanyijwe.
Icyemezo cya Bwana Odinga cyo kwinjira mu buyobozi bwa Leta cyatumye Bwana Kibaki akomeza kuba Perezida, ibintu byababaje cyane abafana benshi b’umuyobozi w’abatavuga rumwe n’ubutegetsi.
Bwana Odinga yabaye Minisitiri w’Intebe imyaka itanu, kandi yongera kwiyamamariza kuba Perezida mu 2013, 2017 na 2022. Buri gihe yatsinzwe, asaba ko byari byarahungabanyijwe.
Mu 2017, Urukiko Rukuru rwa Kenya rwategetse ko amatora asubirwamo, ruvuga ko atagejeje ku bipimo bya demokarasi. Bwana Odinga yatsinzwe kandi, ariko icyemezo cy’urukiko cyakiriwe nk’ikimenyetso gikomeye kandi kigaragaza ukuri ku byo yaburaga.
Mu myaka ye ya nyuma, Bwana Odinga yagiye afatwa n’abanyakenya benshi bashyigikiye impinduka nk’umwe mu bakire b’ikirenga. Abatavuga rumwe n’ubutegetsi bo mu bwoko bwa Gen-Z, bagaragaje ibikorwa byabo mu myaka ibiri ishize basaba impinduka, bake bavuze Bwana Odinga nk’umurwanashyaka wabo.
N’ubwo bimeze bityo, izina rya Bwana Odinga mu myaka myinshi ryamufashije kugirirwa icyubahiro muri Afurika, umugabane aho igihe cy’akazi ka politiki gihabwa agaciro.
Ashyigikiwe na Bwana Ruto, Bwana Odinga yagerageje muri uyu mwaka kwiyamamariza kuba Perezida w’Umuryango wa Afurika Yunze Ubumwe (AU), amatora y’ubuyobozi yizera gutsindira. Ariko mu matora yabaye muri Gashyantare, yatsinzwe n’Umunyamabanga w’Ububanyi n’Amahanga wa Djibouti, Mahmoud Ali Youssouf.
Muri bamwe batanga ubutumwa bwo kumwunamira ku wa Gatatu harimo Perezida Cyril Ramaphosa wa Afurika y’Epfo, wamwita “umuyobozi w’umunyamahoro kandi utanga abandi icyitegererezo.”
Minisitiri w’Intebe Narendra Modi w’Ubuhinde, mu itangazo ryasohotse ku mbuga nkoranyambaga, yise Bwana Odinga “umuyobozi w’ikirenga kandi inshuti ikomeye y’Ubuhinde.” Bwana Modi yavuze ko Bwana Odinga yishimiraga “ubuvuzi gakondo bw’Ubuhinde” kuva igihe umwe mu bana be, Rosemary, yagiye kuvurirwa mu bitaro bya ayurvedic bya Kerala.
Bwana Odinga asize umugore we, Ida, n’abana batatu. Umuhungu we mukuru, Fidel, yapfiriye mu 2015.
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